Catalysis and Energy

Catalyzed reactions have a lower energy (rate-limiting free energy of activation) than the corresponding un-catalyzed reaction leading to a better reaction rate at a similar temperature and for similar chemical concentrations. However, the detailed mechanics of chemical change is complicated. Catalysts could affect the reaction atmosphere favorably or bind to the reagents to polarize bonds, e.g. acid catalysts for reactions of carbonyl compounds or type specific intermediates that don't seem to be created naturally like osmate esters in osmium tetroxide-catalyzed hydroxylation of alkenes or cause dissociation of reagents to reactive.

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